The Chiayi County Health Bureau has called on residents to actively control mosquitoes and to receive early vaccinations for Japanese encephalitis. Today (16th), the county reported its first case of Japanese encephalitis this year, involving a middle-aged man from Dalin Township, who began experiencing fever on the 7th and visited the emergency room twice on the 9th. During the emergency visits, he exhibited slowed speech and altered consciousness, leading to a diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis after hospital testing, and he is currently hospitalized for treatment.

In response, the Health Bureau has set up mosquito traps around the pig farms in the patient's activity area and intensified health education efforts. Additionally, they are urging medical institutions to strengthen case reporting. From May to October, Japanese encephalitis is prevalent, with a peak in June and July, posing a risk of infection to all age groups. The bureau reiterates the importance of mosquito control measures and encourages adults in high-risk areas to receive the vaccine at their own expense while advising that young children complete their vaccination schedule of two doses.

Investigations revealed that the patient worked in animal husbandry and had no history of international travel. The bureau has conducted environmental assessments around his residence, identifying high-risk areas including pigeon coops, pig farms, and irrigation ditches. There was no record of Japanese encephalitis vaccination. Mosquito traps have been installed in the three pig farms, and the bureau has provided education to relevant personnel in the pig farming industry. Additionally, individuals can seek consultations and vaccinations at the travel medicine clinic at Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.

The primary mosquito vectors for Japanese encephalitis are Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pipiens, and Culex quinquefasciatus, which breed in rice paddies, ponds, and irrigation ditches. The peak biting times are during dusk and dawn. Most infected individuals do not show clear symptoms, but those who do may experience headaches and fever. In severe cases, changes in consciousness, inability to recognize people or places, general weakness, or even coma and death may occur. Vaccination is the most effective method of prevention for Japanese encephalitis. In Taiwan, the recommended vaccination schedule for children is the first dose at 15 months of age, followed by the second dose 12 months later. The bureau emphasizes the importance of timely vaccination for children at public health centers or contracted medical facilities to prevent serious complications.

Health Bureau Director Chao Wen-hua stressed the importance of personal protective measures, advising to avoid outdoor activities during peak mosquito activity times at dusk and dawn. If unavoidable, light-colored long-sleeved clothing should be worn, and approved mosquito repellents containing DEET, Picaridin, or IR3535 should be applied to exposed skin. The installation of screens on doors and windows at home and the use of bed nets while sleeping are also recommended. Adults who believe they are at risk of infection should consult travel medicine clinics for assessment and may opt for vaccinations at their own expense.